| Wang Juan,Li Xiaojing,Guo Wanjun,Relationship between childhood adversity and depression： cumulative effects， sensitive windows， and interactions with later environments[J].SICHUAN MENTAL HEALTH,2026,(2):106-111 |
| Relationship between childhood adversity and depression： cumulative effects， sensitive windows， and interactions with later environments |
DOI：10.11886/scjsws20260205002 |
| English keywords:Childhood adversity Early life adversity Stressful life events Depression Psychopathological symptoms |
| Fund projects:浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”科技计划项目（项目名称：重大脑疾病新型调控技术及综合诊治策略研究-抑郁障碍新型调控技术及综合诊治策略研究，项目编号：2024C03006） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | Postcode | | Wang Juan | 1Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine （Affiliated Hospital of the School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital）, Hangzhou 310007, China | 310007 | | Li Xiaojing | 1Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine （Affiliated Hospital of the School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital）, Hangzhou 310007, China | 310007 | | Guo Wanjun* | 1Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine （Affiliated Hospital of the School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University/Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital）, Hangzhou 310007, China
2The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China | 310058 |
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| Childhood adversity is a risk factor for developing depressive symptoms or suffering from depressive disorders across the life course. However， existing evidence has focused on the analysis of the association between childhood adversity and depression from a single theoretical perspective， and there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of its multiple action pathways. By systematically summarizing the cumulative risk model， sensitive-period model， recency model， risk chain model， and the stress sensitization， stress amplification， and stress inoculation hypotheses， as well as the emerging pubertal stress recalibration hypothesis， this article attempts to construct an integrated theoretical framework to elucidate the internal logical synergy among these models. Furthermore， by reviewing relevant empirical evidence， this article analyzes the applicability and limitations of different theoretical models in illustrating the underlying psychopathological mechanisms of depression. The current evidence suggests that the impact of childhood adversity on the risk of psychopathology may be driven by a complex dynamic process involving the interaction of exposure timing， cumulative load， response boundaries of biological systems， and modification by later environments. Future research should utilize longitudinal cohorts and multimodal data within a unified analytical framework to comprehensively examine the multiple pathways through which childhood adversity affects the risk of depression. This will provide a reference for precisely identifying high-risk populations， targeting "recalibration windows" represented by adolescence， developing focused intervention strategies， and ultimately blocking the cascading effects of early life adversity as early as possible. ［Funded by the "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D program of Zhejiang Province （number， 2024C03006）］ |
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